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Authors
Guo, Wei
Cui, Yuchen
Yan, Shaohua
Che, Siyu
Sun, Ning
Mei, Yin
Guo, Di
Cui, Lingling
Yang, Jiefu
Wang, Hua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (No: 2023ZD0504603)
the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (BJYY-2023-070)
the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-1-050)
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: The Institutional Review Boards of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (approval number 2001-P-001699/14) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (approval number 0403000206) approved the MIMIC-IV study protocol and granted a waiver of informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
