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Authors
Pan, Wei
Lu, Xiaozhao
Zhou, Ziwei
Liu, Jin
Zhang, Shaozhao
Huang, Haozhang
He, Yibo
Deng, Jingru
Ling, Yihang
Ruan, Xianlin
Jing, Ling
Zhang, Weipeng
Chen, Shiqun
Liao, Xinxue
Chen, Jiyan
Zhuang, Xiaodong
Liu, Yong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Medical Research Foundation (A2024065)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470531)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270339)
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention (Z022017016)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515012126)
AstraZeneca Externally Sponsored Research Project (ESR‑23‑22118)
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Article History
Received: 31 January 2026
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocols for the CIN‑II and RED‑CARPET cohorts were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, respectively. All participants provided written informed consent. The UK Biobank study has generic ethical approval from the NHS National Research Ethics Service (approval numbers: 99231), and all participants provided informed consent. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
