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Article History

Received: 17 January 2026

Accepted: 30 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. As a retrospective study, informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the use of anonymized data.

: Not applicable. No individual person’s data or images are included in the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.