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Authors
Shangguan, Huangcheng
Xu, Ye
Zhang, Yibin
Chen, Xiaojing
Wu, Yi
Lin, Yuanxiang
Zheng, Shufa
Yao, Peisen
Huang, Xiaofen
Kang, Dezhi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Excellent Talent Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (No. YYXQN-YPS2021)
Excellent Talent Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (No. YYXQN-YPS2021)
Excellent Talent Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (No. YYXQN-YPS2021)
Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province, China (No. 2023YSJYX-YL-6)
Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province, China (No. 2023YSJYX-YL-6)
Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province, China (No. 2023YSJYX-YL-6)
Fujian Provincial Medical Center for Neurological Diseases under the grant for the “Double High” Construction Project in Neurosurgery Research (No. 2023YSJYX-PD-4)
Fujian Provincial Medical Center for Neurological Diseases under the grant for the “Double High” Construction Project in Neurosurgery Research (No. 2023YSJYX-PD-4)
Fujian Provincial Medical Center for Neurological Diseases under the grant for the “Double High” Construction Project in Neurosurgery Research (No. 2023YSJYX-PD-4)
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Article History
Received: 13 September 2025
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 14 May 2026
Declarations
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: The present respective study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Approval No.: MRCTA, ECFAH of FMU [2022]601). Given the retrospective design and use of anonymized clinical data from patients aged 18 years or older without direct patient contact, the requirement for written informed consent was waived in accordance with both institutional guidelines and national regulations. Specifically, the waiver complies with Article [ ] of the “Measures for the Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (Trial)” (2023), issued by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Document No. [2023] 21), which allows exemption from informed consent for studies using previously collected medical records that do not involve personal privacy or identifiable information [ ]. This database is not open to the public, and the individual privacy of the participants could be well protected.
: All authors have given their consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
