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Authors
He, Yueyi
Liu, Chang
Cao, Puhua
Yan, Bixing
Zhao, Ling
Xie, Xiaolong
Fang, Wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Meishan City Science and Technology Guiding Program Projects (2024KJZD037)
Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Joint Innovation Fund (LH202402012)
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2026
Accepted: 17 May 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The CHARLS study protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (Approval No.: IRB 00001052–11015) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
