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Authors
Wen, Yishu
Zhang, Wei
Wu, Lanxiang
Zhu, Jiaqi
Yu, Yingxue
Yu, Xinping
Tian, Sheng
Zuo, Qi
Zhou, Runyu
Liu, Mingxu
Wu, Wei
Zheng, Heqing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82360234)
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Article History
Received: 9 March 2026
Accepted: 15 June 2026
First Online: 18 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The data for this study were sourced from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). This project strictly adhered to the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (Basic Survey: IRB00001052-11015; Blood Samples: IRB00001052-11014). All participants signed written informed consent forms. This study was a secondary analysis and no separate informed consent was required. All data analyses strictly followed relevant ethical guidelines and adhered to the STROBE guidelines.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
