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Article History

Received: 14 July 2026

Accepted: 16 September 2026

First Online: 19 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by Ethik-Kommission der Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (reference number: EA2/179/22) and adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. The requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the ethics committee because the study used retrospectively collected routine clinical data.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:L.H. has received an institution grant from Daiichi Sankyo for this manuscript and honoraria for presentations from Daiichi Sankyo. A.B. has received honoraria for presentations from Daiichi Sankyo and has participated on an Advisory Board for Daiichi Sankyo.U.d.R. has received travel support for attending meetings from Amgen.D.S. has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Amgen, Sanofi, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Sanofi. D.S. has also participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Sanofi.J.L.K. has received consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis and Synlab. J.L.K. has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo and Eli Lilly. J.L.K. has also participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Novartis. J.L.K. is a board member of D•A•CH-Gesellschaft Prävention von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen.S.K. has received payment support from Daiichi Sankyo and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly. S.K. has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Novartis and AOP.U.S. has received consulting fees from Amgen, Novartis, Sobi and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Aventis, Sobi and Synlab Holding. U.S. has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo and Novo Nordisk. U.S. is a board member of the D•A•CH-Gesellschaft Prävention von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Dresdner Herz-Kreislauf-Tage, Saxonian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and a section member of the DAS of German Endocrine Society.K.M. has received an institution grant from Daiichi Sankyo for this manuscript.U.K. has payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Sobi, Berlin Chemie, Synlab Academy, and Novartis. U.K. has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Daiichi Sankyo. U.K. has also participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Daiichi Sankyo, Berlin Chemie, Sobi, Arrowhead, and Chiesi.T.B. has received an institution grant from Daiichi Sankyo.