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Authors
Li, Mengjiao
Huang, Yingying
Bai, Linghui
Li, Wei
Chu, Chenbo
Liu, Hui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education (12541296)
Heilongjiang Renxin Bone Health Medical Assistance Foundation (2020HX016)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study adhered to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the institution's human research committee (IRB-AF/SC-04/02.0, dated March 13, 2024).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
