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Article History

Received: 18 October 2021

Accepted: 9 January 2022

First Online: 8 February 2022

Declarations

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: Experiments were carried out following the ethical principles established in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Patients (or their representatives) were informed about the study and gave a written informed consent. This study used samples from 2 hospitals in Spain, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro. Samples from Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro were obtained through the development of the research projects “PI17/01977” and “PIE14/00064”. Both projects were approved by the Hospital Puerta de Hierro Ethics Committee (internal code 79-18 and PI144, respectively). Samples from Clínica Universidad de Navarra were obtained through the development of the research project 111/2010 “Estudio traslacional prospectivo de determinación de factores predictivos de eficacia y toxicidad en pacientes con cáncer" approved by Clínica Universidad de Navarra Ethics Committee and included in the Spanish National Biobank Register with the code C.0003132 (Registro Nacional de Biobancos). A small cohort including 24 lung cancer patients and 12 healthy donors was used in this study. Demographic and clinical data from lung cancer patients are available in Additional file: Table S1. Plasma and ascites from breast and ovarian cancer patients were used to test the methodology with different biological fluids. Clínica Universidad de Navarra Ethics Committee evaluated this study and did not appreciate any ethical issues (Internal Project Approval Number 2021.145).

: Not applicable.

: CCS, YCM, MYM, MVG, RJA are inventors on the European patent EP20382602. RJA is CEO of Immunostep, S.L. ABM is employed by Immunostep S.L. The rest of the authors declare no potential conflict of interest.