Ma, Lin
Yang, Xiaoxue
Huang, Xiaoyao
Guo, Hao
Li, Zihan
Fan, Siyuan
Qin, Han
Meng, Fanhui
Liu, Peisheng
Wang, Xinyu
Wu, Meiling https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-3506
Xuan, Kun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-0566
Liu, Anqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-2825
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82301099)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82201013)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370949)
Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital Development Fund Support Project (XYFM202457)
Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases (2024ZL02)
National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFC2413602)
Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Declarations
:
: Pulp tissue of deciduous teeth was obtained from the Fourth Military Medical University with approval from the ethics committee and informed consent from the donor (license number: KQ-YJ-2023-164). Animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Fourth Military Medical University (license number: 2024-kq-034 and 2020-kq-006).
: All authors agree for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.