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Authors
Chen, Xuejun
Li, Shaoyue
Lu, Qing
Li, Yitong
Zhu, Mingrui
Zhang, Shen
Fang, Yan
Wen, Congjian
Yang, Daohui
Fan, Peili
Xu, Huixiong
Yin, Haohao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xiamen Healthcare Guidance Project (3502Z20244ZD1106)
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2024J011437)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202173)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302206)
Natural Science Foundation of China (82430064)
Scientific Research and Development Fund of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (2022ZSQD07)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023TQ0073)
Shanghai Sailing Program (23YF1441600)
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: All animal experiments were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital (Approval No. SHDSYY-2024-Y0186) and conducted in strict compliance with national guidelines and institutional animal welfare policies. In accordance with both the Experimental Animal Center of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital regulations (maximum tumor volume ≤ 1500 mm³) and NIH Guidelines for Endpoints in Animal Study Proposals (maximum tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm), all tumor-related experiments in this study maintained tumor dimensions well within these established humane endpoints. No animals in this study exceeded these prescribed limits at any point during the experimental procedure.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
