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Authors
Wang, Xueqing
Li, Kai
Xu, Wenyan
Wang, Danyang
Wang, Ying
Feng, Junkun
Chen, Yi
Liu, Xiaoyi
Xu, Zishan
Liu, Xiaojia
Ge, Shaohua
Liu, Hong
Li, Jianhua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China
the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation
the National Clinical Key Specialty (Periodontology) Construction Project
the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Key R&D Program of Shandong Province, China
the China Medical Board
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 31 March 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethics approval statement: All animal procedures were approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of School of Stomatology, Shandong University (Protocol Number: 20250804). All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and to adhere to the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
