Gao, Xiaoke
Zhang, Meng
Yao, Xiaohan
Wang, Jing
Wang, Xueying
Lou, Xiaohan
Wan, Jiajia
Duan, Xixi
Zhang, Lijing
Lei, Ningjing
Huang, Hefei
Huang, Siyuan
Yan, Linlin
Qin, Bo
Zhang, Jinkun
Qin, Zhihai
Wang, Fazhan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4708-1816
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82303343)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370973)
Henan Medical Science and Technology Joint Building Program (LHGJ20250307)
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (252300421432)
Henan Province Young and middle-aged Health Science and Technology Innovation talents Training Project (JQRC2025011)
Central Plains Science and Technology Innovation Young Top Talents Project
College Students' Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program (2025cxcy874)
Article History
Received: 24 March 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 29 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Female BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice aged 6–8 weeks were obtained from SiPeiFu (Beijing, China). Female mice were used to establish the breast cancer model. Sex influence was not evaluated as breast cancer predominantly affects females. All procedures were approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No. 2021-KY-0634-001).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.