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Authors
McLean, Katherine J.
Kruis, Nathan E.
Weintraub, Eric
Fitzsimons, Heather
Welsh, Christopher
Spicyn, Natalie
Kearley, Brook
Altekruse, William
Rowland, Nicholas
Belcher, Annabelle
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Maryland Baltimore Center for Addiction, Research, and Education
Foundation for Opioid Response Efforts
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R24DA051975, R24DA051975, R24DA051975, R24DA051975, R24DA051975, R24DA051975, R24DA051975)
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Article History
Received: 26 September 2024
Accepted: 27 July 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: All research activities for this study were approved by the Pennsylvania State University Institutional Review Board (IRB) (approval no. STUDY00020800) on August 23, 2022. Informed consent was obtained by all study participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
