Document is current

Article History

Received: 7 August 2025

Accepted: 16 December 2025

First Online: 31 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board at Ohio State University.

: GAA, BJA, ME, KSG, JJL, DSM, NJM, NM, CDN, and BW received travel expenses and an honorarium to attend the decision conference. CB received an honorarium to attend the decision conference. LP received a consulting fee to facilitate the decision conference. DSM serves as a paid medical advisor for West Eastern Health. This organization was not involved in the design, execution, interpretation, or communication of findings of this publication. DSM was also a paid speaker at the 2023 annual meeting of Psych Congress Elevate. AKD is a board member at Source Research Foundation. AKD, SBA, and AWL are supported by the Center for Psychedelic Drug Research and Education, funded by anonymous private donors. NJM is supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) award #KL2TR001870. NY delivered a paid presentation to the British Association of Psychopharmacology (BAP) Masterclass in 2022. NY has also worked as a researcher in clinical studies conducted together with H. Lundbeck A/S and Sosei Heptares and Neurocentrx in the last three years with no direct payment from pharmaceutical companies. JJL was provided a $300 honorarium by Montclair State University to be a speaker on a panel about harm reduction strategies for drug use. The panel was part of a project supported by funding to Montclair State University from Vital Strategies and Open Society Foundations. JJL is also on the Advisory Council of the Montclair State University Center for Harm Reduction Education, Training, and Research, which is supported by funding to Montclair State University from Vital Strategies and Open Society Foundations, and on the Advisory Board of the Behavioral Health Excellence—Technical Assistance Center, which is supported by a grant to the University of Wisconsin-Madison from the Health Resources and Services Administration. The Advisory Board role pays an annual honorarium of $1,000. JJL receives funding as the site PI on subawards from grants funded by the USDHHS through two different Public Health Service agencies, SAMHSA and HRSA. All these grants address the continuum of care for people who use drugs or other substances. CDN is Founder and Board member of 2 A Biosciences, with a Sponsored Research Agreement (funds made to institution). CDN also receives royalties, as an inventor, from the licensing of two LSUHSC owned patents based on his research in psychedelics. CDN also receives consulting fees as a scientific advisor to Palo Santo VC. Additionally, CDN is an unpaid board member of Heffter Research Institute. CDN also receives payments quarterly for editorial services in his role as Co-Editor in Chief of the Mary Ann Leibert Publishing journal Psychedelic Medicine. GAA has received payments from the University of Pennsylvania, Maximus Inc, and Northwell Health and has also received payment for expert testimony.

: Not applicable.