Gelberg, Kitty H.
Hall, Megan E.
Childerhose, Janet E.
Russo, Mary R.
Montero, Fernando
Niles, Kaleigh
Oliveri, Jill
Harden, Haley Ramsey
Vickers-Smith, Rachel A.
Aldridge, Arnie
Stenger, Sarah G.
Marks, Katherine R.
Gilbert, Louisa
Walsh, Sharon L.
El-Bassel, Nabila
Roeber, Carter
Chandler, Redonna
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (P30 CA016058)
National Institutes of Health (P30 CA016058)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049394)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049406)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049415)
National Institutes of Health (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049394)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049406)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049415)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (UM1DA049417)
Article History
Received: 14 March 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and was approved by Advarra Inc., the HEALing Communities Study single Institutional Review Board (Pro00068304) on March 16, 2023.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.