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Authors
Beshirs, Presleigh
Ganesh, Sid S.
Bluthenthal, Ricky N.
Conner, Bradley T.
Herrera, Ashleigh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-702X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
California State University, Bakersfield (Student Research Scholars)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (3R01DA055673-03S1)
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Article History
Received: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2026
First Online: 15 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: California State University, Bakersfield Human Subjects Institutional Review Board (HSIRB) reviewed and approved all study procedures (HSIRB# 25–53).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
