Rife-Pennington, Tessa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-3012
Douglas, Michael P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-6678
Apana, Nikki Kalani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-7650
Sinha, Sree https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6057-9590
Pennington, David L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-0661
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of California, San Francisco, (UCSF) Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative (7031721)
California HIV-AIDS Research Program (H25TC8886S)
Article History
Received: 20 May 2026
Accepted: 29 September 2026
First Online: 7 October 2026
Declarations
Role of the funder/sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Disclaimer: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. This work represents the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent the position or policy of the funders, United States Government, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, or any other organizational affiliation.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.