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Article History

Received: 20 December 2018

Accepted: 7 May 2020

First Online: 24 May 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant NHS ethics committee (NRES Committee London – Queen Square; reference 14/LO/1146) and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine ethics committee (LSHTM reference 8418).

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Smith is the first author of the original DEMQOL/DEMQOL-Proxy instrument.