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Authors
Malik, Madeeha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5824-9405
Hussain, Azhar
Purba, Fredrick Dermawan
Gu, Ning Yan
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 20 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and received approval from Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Institutional Review Board (IRB; #29). Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
