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Authors
Liu, Shan
Li, Lujia
Zhao, Bingbing
Jiang, Mosha
Tian, Jianli
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Project for the Development of Innovation and Strength of a Master in Research in Hebei Province for the Year 2025 (CXZZSS2025117)
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 19 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Chengde Medical University (Approval No.: CYFYLL2024055). All four participating hospitals are affiliated institutions under the university’s unified ethics review system. Therefore, the approval applies to all sites involved in participant recruitment. All participants were informed of the purpose and procedures of the study and provided written informed consent prior to participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
