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Authors
Xu, Nuoming
Hong, Tianqi
Luo, Chang
Xie, Shitong
Wu, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72404205)
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (23JCQNJC01650)
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: The protocol of this study was approved by the Academic Ethics Committee at Tianjin University (TJUE-2024-187) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed about their freedom of refusal. Anonymity and confidentiality were maintained throughout the research process.
: Informed consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants. Participants were informed about their freedom of refusal for data publication. Anonymity and confidentiality were maintained in this publication.
: None.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
