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Authors
Iqbal, Azhar
Chaudhary, Farooq Ahmad
Almaeen, Saud Hamdan
Alnasser, Muhsen
Baig, Nadeem
Siddiqui, Yasir Dilshad
Khattak, Osama
Mustafa, Mohammed
Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the local committee of bioethics (LCBE) at Jouf University (approval No:1–09-45). The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Before data collection, participants were informed about the purpose of the study, and written informed consent was obtained. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were assured by excluding personally identifiable information during data processing and analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
