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Authors
Chen, Wenwen
Wu, Yibo
Zhang, Xiaodan
Qi, Jiale
He, Jingbo
Xu, Xiaolin
He, Yanping
Yang, Hongyan
Liu, Chaojie
Yao, Qiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72274145)
the China Scholarship Council Promotes Scientific Research Cooperation and High-level Talent Training Programs with Canada Australia, New Zealand and Latin America (liumeijin [2023]-21)
the study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72174149)
the Key Research Institute of Humanity and Social Science of the Ministry of Education of China (24JDZS03)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (413000171)
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Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University ([2023]-E-015-R). The survey adhered to the ethical principles for biomedical research involving humans, as outlined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki and the International Ethical Guidelines for Human Biomedical Research.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants whose data was included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
