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Article History

Received: 14 July 2025

Accepted: 14 January 2026

First Online: 22 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University (Approval No. 2023483). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participation was voluntary, and participants were free to withdraw at any point without any impact on their subsequent medical care. Confidentiality, autonomy, fairness, and the principle of non-maleficence were strictly upheld throughout the study.

: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication in the submitted journal.

: The authors declare no competing interests.