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Authors
Takayama, Atsushi
Uehara, Izumi
Yoshioka, Takashi
Takeshima, Taro
Omae, Kenji
Shimizu, Sayaka
Nakagawa, Hiroaki
Ozaka, Akihiro
Hamaguchi, Sugihiro
Fukuhara, Shunichi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22K17331)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: The Institutional Ethics Review Board of Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine approved this study and its protocols related to the first survey. (registered approval number: 2975). We obtained written informed consent from all participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan. The Ethics Committee of the Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine approved this study and its protocols related to the second survey. (approval number: R4157-1).
: Not applicable. The authorship of the JBPS is credited to Uehara Izumi. Individuals seeking to utilize the JBPS should establish contact with her (Email: uehara.izumi@ocha.ac.jp).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
