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Article History

Received: 13 November 2025

Accepted: 1 May 2026

First Online: 13 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was submitted to an independent US-based institutional review board (IRB) organization, Advarra, in August 2023. The IRB determined that, per 5 CFR 46.104(d)(2), this study was exempt from IRB oversight. All focus group participants signed consent forms, which detailed consent for the recording of the focus groups.

: The participant consent form made focus group participants aware that the sponsor may publish anonymized results in relation to the research. All participants consented to having these results published and seen by the public.

: All authors report support for the present manuscript from Boehringer Ingelheim. PAF reports grants/contracts and consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and Insmed. RJN reports receiving consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, and the National Pharmaceutical Council; and has stock ownership with Amgen. DH and AJ are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim. GN has nothing to disclose. JDP reports receiving grants or contracts from the US Food and Drug Administration and UK Research and Innovation, as well as consultancy fees from Beta6 Consulting Group, Day One Pharmaceuticals, Orphalan SA, and Veloxis Pharmaceuticals.