Nomura, Eiji
Seki, Takatoshi
Yatabe, Kentaro
Yoshii, Hisamichi
Izumi, Hideki
Okada, Kazutake
Kayano, Hajime
Yamamoto, Soichiro
Mukai, Masaya
Makuuchi, Hiroyasu
Article History
Received: 16 January 2024
Accepted: 17 July 2024
First Online: 26 July 2024
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved by the Human Ethics Review Committee of Tokai University School of Medicine (Institutional Review Board Number 23R047) and conformed to the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or with comparable ethical standards. Written, informed consent for surgery was obtained from patients as required by participating institutions. An opt-out recruitment strategy was used because the study exclusively analyzed retrospective clinical data without intervention by the investigators.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.