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Authors
Ou, Liang-Hung
Lee, Hui-Ting
Lin, Chia-I
Li, Yung-Hui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0475-3689
Li, Wan-Chun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-4215
Lin, Chen-Sung
Chien, Chiang-Ting
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan (TH-202408)
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, awarded to the affiliated Taipei Hospital (11003)
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, awarded to the affiliated Taipei Hospital (11103)
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study and the waiver of the participants’ consent was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan (Approval Nos. TH-IRB-0018-0022, TH-IRB-0022-0010, and TH-IRB-0024-002), as well as the Institutional Review Board of Taoyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City, Taiwan (Approval No. TYGH-114026).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
