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Authors
Wang, Haikuo
Shao, Xinxin
Lu, Yiming
Hu, Haitao
Jiang, Yujuan
Li, Wangyao
Xu, Quan
Tian, Yantao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Capital Health Development Research Special Fund Project (2024-2-4026)
Special Fund for the Beijing Hope Run of Cancer Foundation of China (LC2019L05)
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Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (25/116–5062).Prior to surgery, all patients and their families provided informed consent, acknowledging and consenting to the potential use of clinical data collected during their treatment for future research. Therefore, when using retrospectively collected patient data, informed consent can be waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
