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Authors
Back, Johan
Järvinen, Tommi
Sallinen, Ville
Puolakkainen, Pauli
Kokkola, Arto
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Helsinki University Hospital (HUS/1091/2020) and the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL/1805/5.05.00/2018). Given its retrospective nature and reliance on existing patient records, the requirement for individual patient consent was waived in accordance with institutional and national regulations. Consequently, declarations related to Human Ethics and Consent to Participate do not apply. As this was not a prospective clinical trial, registration in a clinical trial database was not required.
: Consent for publication is not required, as the study does not include any identifiable personal data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
