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Authors
Ma, Yuhong
Shi, Shujing
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study has received formal approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and Ethics Committee of Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital. Given that this study only uses de-identified patient data and poses no potential risks or adverse effects to participants, the IRB and Ethics Committee jointly decided to waive the requirement for informed consent in accordance with the relevant regulatory and ethical standards governing retrospective studies.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
