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Authors
Ma, You
Liu, Yiwei
Liu, Yiming
Li, Jiali
Wu, Bin
Yu, Weidong
Yang, Cheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82270818)
Research Funds of Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM (No. JKS2022001)
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 15 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: A secondary evaluation of the publicly accessible GBD Study dataset was conducted, without primary data collection. Thus, no ethics approval was needed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
