Zhang, Yilei
Xie, Hounai
Zhang, Deguo
Liu, Yujuan
Fu, Shuaiming
Yu, Yongkui
Ma, Wei
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QH558)
Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 25 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China (approval number: 2025 − 706; approval date: October 20, 2025) and was performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later revisions. The requirement for informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.