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Article History

Received: 3 November 2025

Accepted: 4 April 2026

First Online: 20 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study received ethical approval from the Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (Comité d’Éthique pour la Recherche en Sciences de la Santé – CER-SS) of the University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin. It was registered under reference number 001-2025/CER-SS. Authorization from hospital administrators and department heads was obtained prior to data collection. In addition, letters of permission were provided by all hospitals where data collection took place by the hospital administration. Strict confidentiality and professional secrecy were maintained. Completed forms were stored securely. Access to the digital database was restricted to the research team, protected by username and password. Files were anonymized and coded before any electronic transfer.The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee, as the study used anonymized hospital records.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.