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Authors
Zhao, Kai
Liu, Yiming
Xu, Honghao
Cai, Wenhan
Jin, Jiamei
Shen, Leilei
Zhu, Zirui
Han, Herui
Hu, Mingchuan
Lu, Qiang
Xue, Zhiqiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shaanxi Province Key Core Technology Tackling Project (2024SF-GJHX-27)
the Research and Development Project on Medical Big Data and Artificial Intelligence of the PLA General Hospital (2019MBD-017)
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2026
Accepted: 14 June 2026
First Online: 19 June 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital (IRB approval number: S2025-11-01).Human Ethics and Consent to Participate declarations: The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study. All patient data were anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis, and no interventions were performed that would affect clinical care or patient outcomes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
