Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 October 2025

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 21 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: E.L. and A.-B.S. are employees of Cryos International. AAP is also a member of the Cryos External Scientific Advisory Committee, he also undertakes consultancy for Carrot Fertility, and in the last two years has delivered educational lectures for IBSA Institut Biochemique SA, and Mealis Group but all monies were paid to the University of Manchester. He is also the co-chair of the UKNEQAS Reproductive Sciences Advisory Committee, is a member of the Advisory Boards for the Progress Educational Trust (Charity Number 1139856) and the Science Media Centre (Charity Number 1140827) and Patron of the Fertility Alliance (Charity Number 1206323 (all unpaid). He is a member of the Guidelines Development Groups for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and the World Health Organisation (again all unpaid). None of the authors were directly involved in the collection or physical analysis of semen samples.