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Authors
Li, Mengying
Ma, Yimei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol of US NHANES project was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board, with all participants having provided written informed consent. Likewise, UK Biobank was approved by the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee.All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committees and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.The GWAS summary statistics used in the MR analyses were obtained from publicly available databases. As these analyses were based on de-identified, aggregated data, no additional ethical approval or informed consent was required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
