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Authors
Wu, Yen-Chen https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9763-6193
Hsu, Jason C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-2404
Su, Emily Chia-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-5159
Chen, Chi-Huang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4974-9365
Chang, Tzu-Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-3754
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Article History
Received: 11 January 2026
Accepted: 4 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study utilized de-identified real-world data from the TriNetX research network. As the dataset contains no directly identifiable patient information and complies with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rule, this study did not constitute human subjects research and therefore did not require Institutional Review Board approval or informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
