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Article History

Received: 20 February 2026

Accepted: 14 May 2026

First Online: 1 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Institutional review board approval was granted (centers Luebeck & Kiel reference number 18–005; center Duesseldorf reference number 2022–1953; center Saarbruecken reference number 206/21) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All patients provided written informed consent.

: T.K.E. discloses honoraria from Ferring; travel support from Merck, Ferring, Theramex and Gedeon-Richter; and receipt of equipment/materials (to institution) from Arthrex and Besins Healthcare, outside the submitted work. N.H. has received travel support from Gedeon-Richter, Ferring and Merck, outside the submitted work. A.R.H. has received honoraria from Organon and travel support from Merck Serono, Gedeon Richter and Theramex, outside the submitted work. M.D. discloses support from Merck, outside the submitted work. P.E. discloses honoraria from Ferring, Theramex and Gedeon Richter; and travel support from Merck, Ferring, Theramex, Gedeon Richter and MSD, outside the submitted work. A.P.B discloses honoraria and travel support from Merck, Theramex, Gedeon Richter and Ferring; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Ferring and Merck, outside the submitted work. A.S-M, D.B-B., J.S.K, S.v O., W.J., S.T., R.V. declare no conflict of interest. G.G. discloses consulting fees and honoraria from Merck, Organon, Ferring, Theramex, Gedeon-Richter, Abbott, Biosilu, ReprodWissen, Obseva, PregLem, Guerbet, Cooper, Igyxos, OxoLife, and ReproNovo, outside the submitted work, and travel support from Merck, Organon, Ferring, Theramex, Gedeon-Richter, and Abbott, outside the submitted work. There are no conflicts relating directly to the submitted work.