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Authors
Jiao, Guangzhong
Wang, Jianhua
Chen, Lili
Shan, Yinghua
Xing, Hua
Yin, Shuyuan
Bao, Hongchu
Yin, Xunlan
Liu, Xiaoyan
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Article History
Received: 7 April 2026
Accepted: 16 September 2026
First Online: 29 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The operation of gametes and embryos was carried out in accordance with Chinese laws and regulations related to assisted reproductive technology. The Research Ethics Committee of Yuhuangding Hospital, affiliated with Qingdao University, has approved this study (Ethics approval number: 2024–757). Given the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was waived.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
