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Article History

Received: 27 June 2022

Accepted: 27 July 2023

First Online: 1 August 2023

Declarations

:

: Changsheng Ma has received honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Bayer for lecture presentations. Menno Huisman has received research grants from Dutch Healthcare Fund, Dutch Heart Foundation, Bayer Health Care, Pfizer-BMS, and Leo Pharma, and consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer Health Care, and Pfizer-BMS, that have been contributed to the Leiden University Medical Center. Gregory Lip is a consultant and speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo. No fees are received personally. Sabrina Marler and Guoze Feng are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim. Xiaoxia Liu reports no conflicts of interest.

: GLORIA-AF was approved by the respective institutional review board or independent ethics committees of participating institutions according to national and international regulations, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki International Committee on Harmonization Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. All patients provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable.