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Article History

Received: 1 August 2024

Accepted: 8 November 2024

First Online: 18 December 2024

Declarations

:

: Not applicable, because the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care [MIMIC-III () and MIMIC-IV () ] databases belongs to public databases, the patients involved in the database have obtained ethical approval, users can download relevant data for free for research and publish relevant articles, and our study is based on open-source data, and Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang and Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital do not require research using publicly available data to be submitted for review to their ethics committee, so there are no ethical issues and other conflicts of interest.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.