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Article History

Received: 28 April 2025

Accepted: 25 September 2025

First Online: 7 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animalsperformed by any of the authors. Administrative permissions were required to access the raw data employed in this study, and the affiliation of co-authorhas already granted permission from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ)to access Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HUCP)Nationwide Databases. However, our observational study was deemed exempt bythe Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University forusing deidentified publicly available data. Besides, the data collected in ourstudy were unnecessary to be anonymized before its use. All methods werecarried out following relevant guidelines and regulations..

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.