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Article History

Received: 14 April 2025

Accepted: 20 November 2025

First Online: 22 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was carried out following ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus , Debre Berhan University , along with additional authorization from the Debre Berhan Blood Bank. Prior to data collection, informed written consent was obtained from all participants after they received comprehensive information about the study’s aims, procedures, and the voluntary nature of their participation. Participants were guaranteed the right to withdraw at any time without facing any repercussions, and strict confidentiality regarding their data was upheld. To prioritize participant safety, individuals with abnormal findings were referred to appropriate healthcare facilities for further evaluation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.