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Authors
Ntjikelane, Vinolia
Phiri, Bevis
Kaiser, Jeanette L.
Rosen, Sydney
Morgan, Allison J.
Huber, Amy
Mokhele, Idah
Tchereni, Timothy
Ngoma, Stanley
Lumano-Mulenga, Priscilla
Pascoe, Sophie
Scott, Nancy
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1192640)
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Article History
Received: 22 March 2024
Accepted: 16 May 2025
First Online: 26 May 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval to conduct this study was granted by University of Witwatersrand (Medical) Human Research Ethics Committee in South Africa (Protocol M210241), the National Health Science Research Committee (NHSRC) in Malawi (protocol 21/03/2672), ERES Converge Institutional Review Board in Zambia (Protocol 2021-Mar-012), and by the Boston University Medical Campus Institutional Review Board in the United States (Protocol H-41402). Data collectors were trained in research ethics, the overarching study, and the specific survey instrument. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant before the survey commenced.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
