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Authors
Kacholi, Godfrey
Mfaki, Bahati
Swai, Idda Lyatonga
Anasel, Mackfallen G.
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Article History
Received: 18 May 2024
Accepted: 29 May 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: To ensure ethical conduct, this study received approval from both the Directorate of Research and Postgraduate Studies at Mzumbe University (reference number MU/DPGS/INT/38/Vol.IV/284) and the ethical clearance from the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) (reference number NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/4435). We obtained permission and cooperation from the Dar es Salaam regional leadership and relevant health facility authorities to access potential participants. Before participating, each nurse provided informed consent. This process included a clear explanation of the purpose of the study, potential benefits and risks, the voluntary nature of participation, and the right to withdraw at any time without explanation.
: The participant has provided written informed consent for the publication of this paper, with anonymity assured.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
