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Authors
Farzanegan, Fahimeh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-2079
Shadi, Erfan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6949-9355
Esmaily, Habibollah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-546X
Hashemi, Fateme https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8689-634X
Shahri, Arsalan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-7797
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (4020258)
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: The protocol of this analytical cross-sectional study was approved by the ethical committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran (IR.MUMS.DENTISTRY.REC.1402.030). Written informed consent was sought from the participants prior to enrollment and is available upon any request to the corresponding author's email.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
