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Article History

Received: 27 November 2024

Accepted: 19 August 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Our research, based on publicly available online data, does not involve human participants, data or tissue, and thus is not subject to ethical approval or participant consent. It complies with national regulations, which deem ethical approval unnecessary. All data used are freely accessible and in line with open access policies, with no privacy or confidentiality concerns.

: The authors declare we all agree the papers for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.