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Article History

Received: 5 May 2025

Accepted: 31 December 2025

First Online: 14 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan (Approval No. YM111012E). It adhered to the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The IRB of National Yang-Ming University waived the requirement for participants to provide consent to participate in this study because of the low-risk nature of the study. Furthermore, the possible risk to the study participants was no greater than that of those who did not participate in the study, and the waiver of the requirement to obtain informed consent did not affect the rights and interests of the study participants.

: Consent to publish is not required because the IRB agreed that this research did not require consent to participate.

: Yi-Wen Tsai has received research funding from IQVIA for studies on health economics and epidemiology related to chronic urticaria in Taiwan. This funding is unrelated to the current study and has not influenced its design, conduct, or reporting. The terms of this arrangement were reviewed and approved by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in accordance with its policy on research objectivity. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.